Fortificazioni epirote a Monte Coppola? Nuove proposte interpretative e alcune riflessioni a margine sulla spedizione di Alessandro il Molosso e su Pandosìa “lucana”

Abstract

Recent research on fortifications and defense systems in Basilicata between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC has identified
a range of construction techniques and architectural solutions, including nine distinct types of wall facings classified
into four macro-groups: simple dry masonry, opera poligonale, opera quadrata, and opera incerta. Among the fortified
sites analyzed, Monte Coppola (Valsinni, MT) stands out due to its imposing perimeter wall, documented since the
19th century and often linked to ancient Lagaría. Additionally, the fortified outposts of Timpa del Ponto (Valsinni, MT)
and Timpa la Bufaliera (Nova Siri - Valsinni, MT) represent unique defensive structures in the area. The construction
techniques observed at Monte Coppola diverge from those commonly found in Basilicata, instead closely resembling
those used in contemporary sites within the territories of the Labeatae in Illyria and the Chàones in Epirus. This strong
architectural connection to the Illyrian-Epirote world, supported by archaeological stratigraphy dating the fortifications
to between the second and third quarters of the 4th century BC, suggests the involvement of Epirote builders. These
findings, along with additional evidence examined in this study, provide new interpretative perspectives that link these
fortifications to the military campaigns of Alexander the Molossian in Magna Graecia, offering fresh insights into the
identification of Pandosìa.